Integrating English Language Learners
in High School Reform
Investing in Learning: School Funding
Policies to Foster High Performance
Leadership for Policy Change
1 Jobs for the Future: The First 20 Years
Changing Lives. Building Communities. Advancing
the Nation. Sounds ambitious, but as we at Jobs for the Future
begin our 20th year, it aptly sums up the mission that inspires
us.
Yet we greet JFF’s anniversary less with
pride in past accomplishments and more with a sense of the urgent
challenge for the future: to close the persisting income, education,
and skills gaps that burden our nation. For the next decade, we
have set two concrete goals for our efforts. On the youth side,
our goal is to “double the numbers” of young people
from low-income and minority families who attain postsecondary
credentials. On the adult side, our frame is “a nation that
works,” focused on helping communities build skilled workforces
and ensuring that all adults earn family-supporting wages. Day
after day, our goal is to change the lives of real people and
build healthy communities, inspired by a vision of a United States
that promises opportunity to all.
2Fixing the Pipeline I: From the Prison Track to the College Track
Ideally, between the ages of 16 to 24 young people
become confident, competent learners as they solidify academic,
interpersonal, and social skills, explore future options, and
develop a realistic sense of what it will take to make such options
a reality. But the so-called “pipeline to college”
is leaking badly, particularly for minority and low-income youth.
JFF’s Lili Allen, Cheryl Almeida, and Adria Steinberg examine
learning environments that appear to hold particular promise for
vulnerable and potentially disconnected youth. They conclude with
a discussion of policy opportunities for creating multiple avenues
for young people to achieve to higher standards.
3Fixing the Pipeline II: Bridge to Postsecondary Success
Bridge to Postsecondary Success, by JFF’s Joel
Vargas and Hilary Pennington, suggests strategies for increasing
dramatically the number of students completing education beyond
high school. Prepared for the Ohio State Board of Education Task
Force on Quality High Schools for a Lifetime of Opportunities,
the report uses a framework that could inform similar efforts
in other states. Vargas and Pennington suggest that Ohio concentrate
on: improving the level of high school preparation so that more
youth graduate “college ready”; improving transitions
between secondary and postsecondary education; reconnecting dropouts
to pathways toward postsecondary credentials; and building a systemic
context that promotes communication and interaction across the
secondary and postsecondary sectors.
4Shoring Up the Academic Pipeline: A Commentary on State Policy
Writing in EdWeek, JFF’s Richard Kazis and Hilary
Pennington and Kristin Conklin of the National Governors Association
ask how states can make good on commitments to ensure that every
high school graduate is ready to succeed in college or a good
job. The answer, they say in “Shoring Up the Academic Pipeline:
How States Can Help Promote Excellence, Equity, and Efficiency
in Their Secondary and Postsecondary Systems,” lies in a
policy agenda that can simultaneously improve student achievement
and increase the efficiency of public secondary and postsecondary
sectors.
5The U.K. Fair Cities Initiative: Advancement for Ethnic Minorities
On average, ethnic minorities in the United Kingdom experience
higher unemployment, lower pay, and fewer opportunities for advancement
than whites. At the same time, half of the growth in the U.K.’s
working-age population over the next five years will come from
ethnic minority groups even though they make up only 8 percent
of the population. Thus, failure to address the employment barriers
that ethnic minorities face will have severe economic and social
costs. Through the Fair Cities initiative, the National Employment
Panel, which provides advice on the design, delivery, and performance
of the U.K. government’s labor market policies and programs,
is exploring ways to engage employers in addressing this challenge.
To inform Fair Cities, JFF undertook an international study
of employer-led initiatives that take full account of the recruitment
and skill needs of employers while helping ethnic minority job
seekers to overcome specific barriers, such as language skills
and discrimination. Fair Cities: Employer-led Efforts that
Produce Results for Ethnic Minorities identifies key issues
for policymakers who wish to promote promising local initiatives.
The report includes case studies of a range of initiatives from
the UK, the United States, Canada, The Netherlands, and Germany.
6 Programs that Advance Low-Wage, Low-Skill Workers: A Directory of Career Advancement Strategy Competition Applicants
JFF is undertaking a multi-year effort to accelerate
the development and expansion of workforce strategies that advance
lower-skilled individuals into better jobs, while also meeting
the needs of employers. With support from the U.S. Department
of Labor, JFF launched the 2003 Career Advancement Strategy Competition
as part of our efforts to identify such organizations and help
them refine and expand their successful approaches.
That competition yielded Programs that Advance
Low-Wage, Low-Skill Workers, drawing on a new database of
about 275 advancement programs across the United States. This
directory, which we are using to build knowledge about employer-driven
advancement practices, provides basic information about the competition
applicants in order to acknowledge their commitment to advancement
and to enable organizations in the advancement field to reach
one another.
7Double or Nothing: A Worthwhile—and Attainable—Goal
As Ron Wolk writes in Teacher Magazine,
“One of the original (and unmet) objectives of Goals 2000,
first put forth by the nation’s governors during an education
summit in 1989, was to reduce the national dropout rate from about
30 percent to 10 percent by the turn of the century. How is it
then that almost nobody seems to notice or care about the college
dropout problem, which is twice as bad as the high school one?”
This is Wolk’s context for discussing the goal proposed
at last year’s “Double the Numbers” convening:
to “double the numbers” of young people who earn postsecondary
credentials, particularly among groups traditionally underserved
by higher education. According to Wolk, “Doubling the numbers
won’t be easy, but it may well be attainable if we really
tackle the tough educational, financial, and political problems
confronting us, and if we work at all levels simultaneously—in
schools, in colleges, and in public policy arenas.”
BY THE NUMBERS: By 2007, the Early College High
School Initiative will open more than 150 schools, serving approximately
50,000 students in over 20 states. For an up-to-date profile of
the initiative, with a map of schools, data on the number of schools
and students, and other key facts, download The Early College
High School Initiative “At A Glance.” http://www.earlycolleges.org
INCREASING THE ACHIEVEMENT OF NATIVE AMERICAN
YOUTH AT EARLY COLLEGE HIGH SCHOOLS: Writing in New Horizons
for Learning, Linda Campbell, Keith Egawa, and Geneva Wortman
describe Antioch University Seattle’s approach to improving
the high school and college graduation rates of Native American
students in Washington state. The university and its secondary-school
partners are developing programs that forego the all-too-common
remediation options for Indian students and instead increase expectations
and academic rigor. http://www.newhorizons.org/strategies/multicultural/
campbell_egawa_wortman.htm
DOUBLE THE NUMBERS: That was the title of JFF’s
conference last year on postsecondary attainment and underrepresented
youth, and this year it is a call by Michigan Governor Jennifer
M. Granholm. She is creating a commission to focus on the future
of higher education and its role in Michigan’s 21st century
economy. The commission will focus on doubling the number of college
graduates and ensuring that they have the skills they need to
succeed in the 21st century workplace. http://www.ecs.org/html/offsite.asp?document=
http://www.migov.state.mi.us/gov/0,1607,7-168--88248--,00.html
WORKFORCEUSA.NET: This new online resource for
workforce development practitioners is a virtual library of resources
on workforce programs and practices, providing access to over
2,100 tools and materials from hundreds of organizations. Register
on the site to receive updates about chosen topics of interests.
The Web site is becoming an unparalleled clearinghouse of workforce
information. www.workforceusa.net
STATE EFFORTS CONTRIBUTING TO WORKFORCE TRAINING: As technological and other advances transform the U.S. economy,
many employers have trouble finding skilled employees. In 2002,
the federal government spent about $12 billion on workforce programs
to train workers and help employers find qualified employees.
The General Accounting Office reports that 23 states are also
using state employer taxes to augment workforce programs, spending
a total of $278 million in 2002 to address state-specific workforce
issues. http://216.198.222.116/newsletters/tracking.cfm?myid=1162&myurl=
http://www.gao.gov/highlights/d04282high.pdf
INTEGRATING ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNERS IN HIGH
SCHOOL REFORM: Several new publications from the Council of Chief
State School Officers can help inform state and district decision-makers
of high school reform policies that support best practices for
English language learners: resources, a compendium of best practices,
perspectives from the field, and proceedings from a 2003 conference. http://www.ccsso.org/projects/browse_by_topic/index.cfm
See: Immigrant Students and Secondary Schools Reform Project
INVESTING IN LEARNING: SCHOOL FUNDING POLICIES
TO FOSTER HIGH PERFORMANCE: According to the Committee for Economic
Development, the the United States spends $400 billion each year
on public elementary and secondary schools but does not manage
those funds in ways that encourage or reinforce efforts to improve
educational outcomes. This CED report looks at public school financing
and ways to improve the system. http://www.ced.org/
LEADERSHIP FOR POLICY CHANGE: This PolicyLink
report describes the barriers to the participation of leaders
of color in local and national public policy development, along
with strategies for removing the barriers so that leaders can
use their expertise and experience to benefit low-income communities
of color and the nation. http://www.policylink.org/Leadership.html